During the first years, children are exposed to a series of complications that their immune system is not yet accustomed to fighting, so their defenses are quite fragile. Let’s get to know some of them.
1. Respiratory infections: These can affect the upper airways and are common and usually mild in children. If affected, the child will feel uncomfortable due to nasal congestion and cough, will also lose some appetite, and can improve with nasal washes and humidified air. However, if the illness affects the lower airways, it is a more serious problem, possibly bronchiolitis, which may require specific treatment in the hospital. Less frequent but possible is pneumonia of bacterial origin, which requires antibiotic treatment.
2. Otitis: Otitis, caused by infection, is quite common. They are generally bacterial and can develop as a complication of a cold in the upper airways; depending on the child’s age, it may resolve well without antibiotics, although sometimes antibiotics are necessary. In the first year, antibiotics are generally needed. Otitis is painful and uncomfortable, making swallowing difficult due to ear pain.
3. Gastroenteritis: Very common and viral in origin, with no specific treatment. However, constant oral hydration is important. It can sometimes cause vomiting, diarrhea, or both.
4. Urinary infections: A rapid test strip can rule out or confirm these infections. Once the cause is studied, if positive, the appropriate antibiotic treatment will be given. Depending on the severity, hospital care may or may not be required.
5. Skin infections: These usually require antibiotic treatment, either oral or topical depending on the case, or in severe cases, hospitalization. Some infections like exanthematic diseases (chickenpox, measles, rubella, among others) are viral and usually do not require antibiotic treatment unless there are signs of superinfection or complications.
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